Growth library

The reference behind capital-efficient growth

One question per entry. Plain language, the formula, and our take. Forty entries across five clusters, plus long-form pieces on the numbers a board actually underwrites.

Cluster

Attribution & Measurement

9 entries

What your media is actually causing — vs. what it's only observing.

Cross-Channel Attribution

Cross-channel attribution distributes conversion credit across all marketing touchpoints in a customer's journey — paid social, search, email, affiliate and organic.

4 min readRead →

DTC Attribution

DTC attribution is the practice of connecting sales to the marketing channels that influenced them in direct-to-consumer businesses, where the platform and the ledger rarely agree.

4 min readRead →

Holdout Testing

Holdout testing is a causal measurement technique that withholds advertising from a defined group — a geographic market, a user segment, or a time window.

4 min readRead →

Incrementality Testing

Incrementality testing measures whether your advertising actually causes conversions — or whether those customers would have bought anyway.

4 min readRead →

Last-Click Attribution

Last-click attribution assigns 100% of conversion credit to the final touchpoint before a purchase, and systematically overpays the channels closest to checkout.

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Media Mix Modeling (MMM)

Media mix modeling is a statistical technique that measures the contribution of each channel to total revenue using aggregate, privacy-safe data.

5 min readRead →

Multi-Touch Attribution (MTA)

Multi-touch attribution distributes conversion credit across multiple touchpoints using rules or machine learning, and depends on user-level tracking to work.

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Signal Loss After iOS 14

Signal loss after iOS 14 refers to the structural reduction in user-level tracking data available to ad platforms following Apple's App Tracking Transparency.

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View-Through Attribution

View-through attribution credits an ad impression — not a click — with contributing to a conversion, on the assumption that seeing an ad changed behavior.

4 min readRead →
Cluster

Unit Economics

9 entries

The ratios that determine whether growth is efficient or just expensive.

Contribution Margin (CM1 / CM2)

The margin a customer actually produces after variable fulfillment, processing, returns and discounts — the only basis that prices acquisition correctly.

7 min readRead →

LTV:CAC Ratio

The ratio a board treats as gospel. Its denominator gets audited to the cent; the margin inside its numerator usually gets waved through.

5 min readRead →

CAC Payback Period

How many months of contribution it takes to recover fully loaded acquisition cost — the number that sizes how much acquisition the balance sheet can carry.

4 min readRead →

Blended vs Incremental CAC

Blended CAC divides all spend by all new customers. Incremental CAC prices the next customer. Only one of them should set a bid ceiling.

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Fully Loaded CAC

Media plus agency fees, tools, creative production and allocated salaries. The version of CAC an investor will build their own model on.

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LTV Forecasting

Projecting lifetime value from order frequency, churn and margin — and the assumptions that make a forecast either useful or decorative.

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Cohort Analysis

Reading revenue and retention by acquisition month rather than in aggregate, so improvement and mix shift can be told apart.

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Step-Fixed Costs

Labor does not scale smoothly. It steps. The gap between steps is hidden capacity — zero-marginal-cost runway before the next hire.

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Customer Equity

The discounted lifetime contribution margin of every current and future customer, net of acquisition cost. The asset marketing builds while being measured as a cost.

5 min readRead →
Cluster

Media & Creative

8 entries

What makes creative work, and what makes it stop working.

Creative Fatigue

The decay in performance as an audience sees the same asset repeatedly — and how to distinguish it from auction pressure or seasonality.

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Ad Frequency

Average impressions per person over a window. A diagnostic for saturation, not a target to optimize toward.

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Hook Rate

The share of impressions that survive the first three seconds. The earliest reliable signal that a concept will or will not carry spend.

3 min readRead →

Thumb-Stop Rate

A stricter cousin of hook rate used on short-form feeds, measuring genuine scroll interruption rather than passive autoplay.

3 min readRead →

UGC vs Produced Creative

When native, low-fidelity creative outperforms studio production — and the point in the funnel where that reverses.

4 min readRead →

Creative Testing Frameworks

Structuring concept, format and message tests so results attribute to a variable rather than to the algorithm.

5 min readRead →

Platform Principles: Meta, TikTok, YouTube

What each platform rewards, how its auction reads early engagement, and why the same asset performs differently across the three.

5 min readRead →

Creative Volume & Iteration Velocity

How many concepts a program needs per month to hold performance, and the operational shape required to produce them.

4 min readRead →
Cluster

Growth Systems & Operations

8 entries

The operating layer that makes growth repeatable rather than heroic.

Growth Loops

Compounding acquisition mechanisms where output from one cycle becomes input to the next, in contrast to linear funnel spend.

5 min readRead →

Growth Governance

Who decides what gets tested, who approves spend shifts, and how decisions are recorded so they survive turnover.

4 min readRead →

Northstar Metrics

Choosing the single measure a team steers by, and the counter-metrics that stop it from being gamed.

4 min readRead →

Experimentation Velocity

Tests shipped per month at sufficient power. The rate limit on how fast a growth program can actually learn.

4 min readRead →

Embedded Team vs Agency Retainer

The operational difference between owned capacity and contracted capacity, and where each one structurally fails.

5 min readRead →

The Assumption Lock

One signed page defining every classification ruling, split ratio and step threshold, changed only at a scheduled review.

4 min readRead →

Monthly Calibration Routine

Close the books, run the ledger through the contribution model, compare the dashboard on three deltas, adjust at that meeting.

4 min readRead →

Marketing Operating System

The permanent layer — data, routines, definitions and reporting — left behind when an engagement ends.

5 min readRead →
Cluster

Data & Signal Quality

6 entries

What to trust when the platform signal is broken.

First-Party Data Strategy

Collecting, consenting and structuring customer data you own, so measurement survives the next platform change.

5 min readRead →

Conversions API (CAPI)

Server-side event transmission that restores conversion signal lost to browser and app-level tracking restrictions.

4 min readRead →

Modeled Conversions

Statistically estimated conversions the platform reports when it cannot observe them — and how much weight they should carry.

4 min readRead →

Data Clean Rooms

Privacy-preserving environments for matching advertiser and platform data without exposing user-level records to either side.

4 min readRead →

Predictive LTV

Modeling expected customer value from early behavior to bid on quality rather than on volume.

5 min readRead →

Data Quality Diagnostics

Deduplication, event-match quality, attribution windows and tracking gaps — the audit that precedes any measurement conclusion.

4 min readRead →